Staff Answer
Feb 08, 2020 - 08:16 PM
Excellent question!
1) Engineered Fluids does about 60+% of its business internationally and all of these customers use the Metric system.
2) We have found that the Metric system of measurement units are far easier to use for doing heat transfer calculations and power to heat conversion. But before we show some examples, its important to fully understand the Laws of Conversation of Energy so that you understand why this is easier to use the metric system when designing your SLIC System.
In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be conserved over time. [1] This law means that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed or transferred from one form to another.
So in order for this to be true all electrical devices have to either radiate out all the energy it takes to operate as heat, store the energy (ie. drive a chemical reaction in a battery) or it has to convert that energy into a mechanical (kinetic) form like spinning a fan, or turning a pump shaft, etc.
So in the case of devices like computers or crypto-miners, we can measure the power used by the fans (5-10% for miners and 15-20% for servers). Then we can subtract that power from the total power draw of the device, if we are going to remove those fans before immersing them (since fans just waste energy when immersed since they are inefficient at moving fluid and in fact often obstruct the non-laminar fluid flow that we use to cool devices in SLIC.
So a server that draws 1000W, will use 150W (15%) for its fans at full power, and that leaves (1000W - 150W) 850W of power that, because of the Laws of Conversation of Energy must be dissipated as heat by the server. Now Watts is a Metric unit of power and they are used universally (yes - even in the United States) as a unit of measure of electrical power consumption (its defined as energy transferred at the rate of 1 Joule per sec), and a kW is a kilowatt (or 1000 watts) and rather than take that universal power measurement and convert it to BTUs (By the way the Brits don't use BTUs anymore either! They use the metric system - well mostly - anyone know what a "stone" weighs?) or Joules (another metric unit of power) we can simply size the heat dissipation device in kWs since there is a formula to convert BTUs and Joules to Watts.
Thus our server requires 850W to operate, it therefore will dissipate 850W of heat, which means that our SLIC system has to be capable of removing the 850W from the server components and move that energy somewhere else. Notice, we said "MOVE" the energy, since we can't destroy energy we either have to convert it or move it, and Engineered Fluids' Dielectric Coolants are a super efficient way of moving heat around.
So to calculate how big our dry cooler (radiator) needs to be we have to take into account a couple of things:
1) The flow rate of the dielectric coolant around the server - the general rule of thumb is 1 - 4 Liters per Minute per KW depending on the tank design, flow rate, and how the device dissipates heat (heat spreader, etc.). Now we could say that its 0.264 to 3.70 gallons per min. But frankly it doesn't roll off the tongue, and the again the math is simple in Liters - If I have 850W, you multiply that by the average of 2 L/min of coolant flow to get 1.9L/min and all pump sizing tools support L/min.
2) The delta between the ambient temperature and the heated Dielectric Coolant, which is required to calculate the dissipation of heat by the Dry Cooler is another example of where the metric system, Celsius is really is simpler to use than
1) Engineered Fluids does about 60+% of its business internationally and all of these customers use the Metric system.
2) We have found that the Metric system of measurement units are far easier to use for doing heat transfer calculations and power to heat conversion. But before we show some examples, its important to fully understand the Laws of Conversation of Energy so that you understand why this is easier to use the metric system when designing your SLIC System.
In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be conserved over time. [1] This law means that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed or transferred from one form to another.
So in order for this to be true all electrical devices have to either radiate out all the energy it takes to operate as heat, store the energy (ie. drive a chemical reaction in a battery) or it has to convert that energy into a mechanical (kinetic) form like spinning a fan, or turning a pump shaft, etc.
So in the case of devices like computers or crypto-miners, we can measure the power used by the fans (5-10% for miners and 15-20% for servers). Then we can subtract that power from the total power draw of the device, if we are going to remove those fans before immersing them (since fans just waste energy when immersed since they are inefficient at moving fluid and in fact often obstruct the non-laminar fluid flow that we use to cool devices in SLIC.
So a server that draws 1000W, will use 150W (15%) for its fans at full power, and that leaves (1000W - 150W) 850W of power that, because of the Laws of Conversation of Energy must be dissipated as heat by the server. Now Watts is a Metric unit of power and they are used universally (yes - even in the United States) as a unit of measure of electrical power consumption (its defined as energy transferred at the rate of 1 Joule per sec), and a kW is a kilowatt (or 1000 watts) and rather than take that universal power measurement and convert it to BTUs (By the way the Brits don't use BTUs anymore either! They use the metric system - well mostly - anyone know what a "stone" weighs?) or Joules (another metric unit of power) we can simply size the heat dissipation device in kWs since there is a formula to convert BTUs and Joules to Watts.
Thus our server requires 850W to operate, it therefore will dissipate 850W of heat, which means that our SLIC system has to be capable of removing the 850W from the server components and move that energy somewhere else. Notice, we said "MOVE" the energy, since we can't destroy energy we either have to convert it or move it, and Engineered Fluids' Dielectric Coolants are a super efficient way of moving heat around.
So to calculate how big our dry cooler (radiator) needs to be we have to take into account a couple of things:
1) The flow rate of the dielectric coolant around the server - the general rule of thumb is 1 - 4 Liters per Minute per KW depending on the tank design, flow rate, and how the device dissipates heat (heat spreader, etc.). Now we could say that its 0.264 to 3.70 gallons per min. But frankly it doesn't roll off the tongue, and the again the math is simple in Liters - If I have 850W, you multiply that by the average of 2 L/min of coolant flow to get 1.9L/min and all pump sizing tools support L/min.
2) The delta between the ambient temperature and the heated Dielectric Coolant, which is required to calculate the dissipation of heat by the Dry Cooler is another example of where the metric system, Celsius is really is simpler to use than
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